Methods to analyze extracellular vesicles at single particle level

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized derived from cells that transport biomaterials between through biofluids. Due to their biological role and components, they considered as potential drug carriers for diagnostic applications. Today's advanced nanotechnology enables single-particle-level analysis was difficult in the past due its small size below diffraction limit. Single EV reveals heterogeneity of EVs, which could not be discovered by various ensemble methods. Understanding characteristics single EVs more pathological researches. This review focuses on techniques employed at particle level describes principles each technique.